In this tutorial, We will see GlusterFS installation and configuration. How to configure GlusterFS server and GlusterFS client? How to test GlusterFS High availability? These all points we will cover in this tutorial, we will also proceed step by step installation and configuration of all these points.
What is GlusterFS?
GlusterFS is an open-source, scalable network file system suitable for high data-intensive workloads such as media streaming, cloud storage, and CDN (Content Delivery Network). In gluster, client server can access the storage as like local storage. Whenever user creates the data on gluster storage, then data will be mirrored and distributed to other storage nodes. The primary purpose of GlusterFS is data high availability accessible to the applications or users.
For more about GlusterFS installation and configuration you can Click Here
Terminologies:-
These are the important terminologies that we are going to use throughout this article.
Brick:– Brick is basic storage (directory) on a server in the trusted storage pool. Like /test/glusterfs
Volume:- Volume is a logical collection of bricks.
Cluster:- Cluster is a group of computers which are linked between all computers, and working together as a single computer. If one computer goes down then second computer will handle all services.
Distributed File System:- A file system in which the data is spread across the multiple storage nodes and allows the clients to access it over a network.
Client:- Client is a machine where our gluster file system will be mounts.
Server:- Server is a machine where the actual file system is hosted and all data will be stored.
Replicate:- Making multiple copies of data to achieve high redundancy.
Fuse:- Fuse is a loadable kernel module that lets non-privileged users create their own file systems without editing kernel code.
Glusterd:- Glusterd is a daemon that runs on all servers in the trusted storage pool.
Volumes:-
Volume is a collection of bricks, and most of the gluster operations such as reading and writing happen on the volume. Different types of volumes supported by GlusterFS based on the requirements.
In this article, we are going to configure a replicated GlusterFS volume on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
Replicated Glusterfs Volume is like a RAID 1, and volume maintains exact copies of the data on all bricks. We can decide the number of replicas while creating the volume, so we would need to have at least two bricks to create a volume with two replicas or three bricks to create a volume of 3 replicas.
Pre Request:-
Here, we are going to configure GlusterFS volume with two replicas. First of all you have to make sure you have two 64bit systems (either Virtual Machine or Physical Server) with minimum 1GB of memory, and one spare hard disk on each server.
| Host Name | IP Address | OS | Memory | Disk | Purpose |
| urgluster1 | 192.168.43.20 | CentOS 7 | 1GB | /dev/sdb (2GB) | Storage Node 1 |
| urgluster2 | 192.168.43.21 | CentOS 7 | 1GB | /dev/sdb (2GB) | Storage Node 2 |
| urclient | 192.168.43.22 | CentOS 7 | N/A | N/A | Client Machine |
Configure DNS:-
GlusterFS components are use DNS for name resolutions, so configure either DNS or we can set up a hosts entry like below. If we do not have a DNS on our environment. Here I am going to use /etc/hosts file to name resolution between our gluster server and gluster client machine.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.43.20 urgluster1 192.168.43.21 urgluster2 192.168.43.22 urclient [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Add GlusterFS Repository:-
First of all we need to configure GlusterFS repository on both storage nodes to install glusterfs packages. We can follow this instruction to add the repository to our system.
On RHEL 7:-
Add Gluster repository on RHEL 7.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/Gluster.repo [gluster38] name=Gluster 3.8 baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/storage/$basearch/gluster-3.8/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
On CentOS 7:-
Install centos-release-gluster package, it will provides us automatically required YUM repository files. This RPM is available from CentOS Extras.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# yum install -y centos-release-gluster
GlusterFS Installation on server side:-
Once we have added the repository on our systems, then we can go for GlusterFS installation. We can install GlusterFS package using below command.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# yum install -y glusterfs-server
Start the glusterd service on all gluster nodes after installation.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# systemctl start glusterd
Verify that the glusterfs service is running fine or not using below command.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# systemctl status glusterd ● glusterd.service - GlusterFS, a clustered file-system server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/glusterd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2018-09-08 19:12:48 CEST; 46s ago Process: 2628 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/glusterd -p /var/run/glusterd.pid --log-level $LOG_LEVEL $GLUSTERD_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2629 (glusterd) CGroup: /system.slice/glusterd.service └─2629 /usr/sbin/glusterd -p /var/run/glusterd.pid --log-level INFO Sep 08 19:12:48 urgluster1 systemd[1]: Starting GlusterFS, a clustered file-system server... Sep 08 19:12:48 urgluster1 systemd[1]: Started GlusterFS, a clustered file-system server. [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Enable glusterd service to start automatically on system boot.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# systemctl enable glusterd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/glusterd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/glusterd.service. [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Configure Firewall:-
We need to configure firewall to access properly our glusterfs services between server and client. We can either disable the firewall or configure the firewall to allow all connections within a cluster.
By default, glusterd will listen on TCP/24007 but opening that port is not enough on the gluster nodes. Each time we will add a brick, it will open a new port (that we will be able to see with “gluster volumes status”)
# Disable FirewallD [root@urgluster1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@urgluster1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
OR
We can run this below command on a node in which we want to accept all traffics coming from the source IP.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.43.21" accept' success [root@urgluster1 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Add Storage:-
I am assuming that we have one spare hard disk on our machine, /dev/sdb is the one, which we will use for a brick. We need to create a single partition on the spare hard disk as like below.
We need to perform the below steps on both nodes.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5b54b761.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4188133, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4188133, default 4188133):
Using default value 4188133
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2144 MB, 2144324608 bytes, 4188134 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5b54b761
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4188133 2093043 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@urgluster1 ~]#
Format the created partition with the file system of your choice.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 130816 inodes, 523260 blocks 26163 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum file system blocks=536870912 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8176 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and file system accounting information: done [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Now we can mount the disk on a directory like /test/glusterfs.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# mkdir -p /test/glusterfs [root@urgluster1 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /test/glusterfs [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Now we need to add an entry into /etc/fstab for keeping the mount persistent across reboot this directory.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# echo "/dev/sdb1 /test/glusterfs ext4 defaults 0 0" | tee --append /etc/fstab
GlusterFS configuration on CentOS 7:-
Before creating a volume, we need to create trusted storage pool by adding urgluster2. We can run GlusterFS configuration commands on any one server in the cluster will execute the same command on all other servers.
Here we will run all GlusterFS commands in gluster1 node.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# gluster peer probe urgluster2 peer probe: success. [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Now we can verify the status of the trusted storage pool using below commands.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# gluster peer status Number of Peers: 1 Hostname: urgluster2 Uuid: ceed9138-a3f3-40ed-94df-37b57b17de4a State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) [root@urgluster1 ~]#
We can display list the storage pool using below command.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# gluster pool list UUID Hostname State ceed9138-a3f3-40ed-94df-37b57b17de4a urgluster2 Disconnected 269e06ee-5ef2-40cf-ad87-34b8eebe6d71 localhost Connected [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Setup GlusterFS Volume:-
Now we need to create a brick (directory) called “urclouds1” in the mounted file system on both nodes.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# mkdir -p /test/glusterfs/urclouds1 [root@urgluster1 ~]#
As we know, we are going to use replicated volume, so we need to create the volume named “urclouds1” with two replicas.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# gluster volume create urclouds1 replica 2 urgluster1:/test/glusterfs/urclouds1 urgluster2:/test/glusterfs/urclouds1 Replica 2 volumes are prone to split-brain. Use Arbiter or Replica 3 to avoid this. See: http://docs.gluster.org/en/latest/Administrator%20Guide/Split%20brain%20and%20ways%20to%20deal%20with%20it/. Do you still want to continue? (y/n) y volume create: urclouds1: success: please start the volume to access data [root@urgluster1 ~]#
Now we can start the volume using below command.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# gluster volume start urclouds1 volume start: urclouds1: success [root@urgluster1 ~]#
We can check the status of the created volume using below command.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# gluster volume info urclouds1 Volume Name: urclouds1 Type: Replicate Volume ID: 5c5f8450-9621-459d-9ae5-4b57713b61b5 Status: Started Snapshot Count: 0 Number of Bricks: 1 x 2 = 2 Transport-type: tcp Bricks: Brick1: urgluster1:/test/glusterfs/urclouds1 Brick2: urgluster2:/test/glusterfs/urclouds1 Options Reconfigured: transport.address-family: inet nfs.disable: on performance.client-io-threads: off [root@urgluster1 ~]#
GlusterFS Installation and configuration on Client:-
We can install glusterfs-client package to support the mounting of GlusterFS file systems. We need to run all commands as root user.
First of all we need to install repository package for install glusterfs-client package.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# yum install -y centos-release-gluster
On CentOS 7 and RHEL 7 we can use below command to install glusterfs-client package.
[root@urclient ~]# yum install -y glusterfs-client
Now we need to create a directory to mount the GlusterFS file system on client server.
[root@urclient ~]# mkdir -p /client/glusterfs
Now, mount the GlusterFS file system to /client/glusterfs using the following command.
[root@urclient ~]# mount -t glusterfs urgluster1:/urclouds1 /client/glusterfs [root@urclient ~]#
If you get any error like below.
WARNING: getfattr not found, certain checks will be skipped.. Mount failed. Please check the log file for more details.
Consider adding Firewall rules for client machine (client) to allow connections on the gluster nodes (gluster1 and urgluster2). Run the below command on both gluster nodes.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.43.22" accept' success [root@urgluster1 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@urgluster1 ~]#
You can also use urgluster2 instead of gluster1 in the above command.
We can verify the mounted GlusterFS file system using below command.
[root@urclient ~]# df -h /client/glusterfs Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on urgluster1:/urclouds1 2.0G 26M 1.9G 2% /client/glusterfs [root@urclient ~]#
We can also use below command to verify the GlusterFS file system.
[root@urclient ~]# cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,size=493100k,nr_inodes=123275,mode=755 0 0 securityfs /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,seclabel,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,mode=755 0 0 tmpfs /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs ro,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd 0 0 pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/memory cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/devices cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event 0 0 configfs /sys/kernel/config configfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0 selinuxfs /sys/fs/selinux selinuxfs rw,relatime 0 0 systemd-1 /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc autofs rw,relatime,fd=31,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct 0 0 hugetlbfs /dev/hugepages hugetlbfs rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0 debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0 mqueue /dev/mqueue mqueue rw,seclabel,relatime 0 0 sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0 nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd nfsd rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot xfs rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0 tmpfs /run/user/1000 tmpfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=101688k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0 tmpfs /run/user/0 tmpfs rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=101688k,mode=700 0 0 urgluster1:/urclouds1 /client/glusterfs fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 [root@urclient ~]#
Add below entry in /etc/fstab for automatically mounting during system boot.
[root@urclient ~]# echo "urgluster1:/urclouds1 /client/glusterfs glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0" | tee --append /etc/fstab urgluster1:/urclouds1 /client/glusterfs glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0 [root@urclient ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Tue Sep 26 12:44:35 2017 # # Accessible file systems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=9b1b6c8c-a702-4654-8b65-3ea79c368a84 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 urgluster1:/urclouds1 /client/glusterfs glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0 [root@urclient ~]#
Test GlusterFS Replication and High-Availability:-
GlusterFS Server Side:-
To check the replication, we need to mount the created GlusterFS volume on the same storage node.
First of all we need to create one directory on both glusterfs server like /testHA
[root@urgluster1 ~]# mkdir /testHA [root@urgluster1 ~]# [root@urgluster2 ~]# mkdir /testHA [root@urgluster2 ~]# [root@urgluster1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs urgluster2:/urclouds1 /testHA [root@urgluster1 ~]# [root@urgluster2 ~]# mount -t glusterfs urgluster1:/urclouds1 /testHA [root@urgluster2 ~]#
Data inside the /testHA directory of both nodes will always be same (replication).
GlusterFS Client Side:-
Let’s create some files on the mounted file system on the client.
[root@urclient ~]# touch /client/glusterfs/file1 [root@urclient ~]# touch /client/glusterfs/file2 [root@urclient ~]#
We can verify the created files using below command.
[root@urclient ~]# ls -l /client/glusterfs/ total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file2 [root@urclient ~]#
Test the both GlusterFS nodes whether they have same data inside /testHA.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# ls -l /testHA/ total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file2 [root@urgluster1 ~]# [root@urgluster2 ~]# ls -l /testHA/ total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file2 [root@urgluster2 ~]#
As you know, we have mounted GlusterFS volume from urgluster1 on client, now it is time to test the high-availability of the volume by shutting down the node.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# poweroff
Now we need to test the availability of the files, we can see files that we created recently even though the node is down.
[root@urclient ~]# ls -l /client/glusterfs/ total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file2 [root@urclient ~]#
Create some more files on the GlusterFS file system to check the replication.
[root@urclient ~]# touch /client/glusterfs/file3 [root@urclient ~]# touch /client/glusterfs/file4 [root@urclient ~]#
Verify the files count after created.
[root@urclient ~]# ls -l /client/glusterfs/ total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 07:41 file3 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 9 07:41 file4 [root@urclient ~]#
Since the gluster1 is down, all your data’s are now written on urgluster2 due to High Availability. Now we need to power on the node1 gluster1.
Check the /testHA on the gluster1, we can see all four files in the directory, this confirms that our file replication is working as expected.
[root@urgluster1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs urgluster1:/urclouds1 /testHA [root@urgluster1 ~]# ls -l /testHA/ total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 9 06:56 file2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 9 07:41 file3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 9 07:41 file4 [root@urgluster1 ~]#
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